The survival analysis of metastatic prostate cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To analyze the clinical and pathological informations of metastatic prostate cancer patients to find the predictive factors of the survival.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To filter 364 cases of metastatic prostate cancer in the 940 cases of prostate cancer that were treated in Cancer Hospital Fudan University in Shanghai from March 1998 to June 2009, the cases had hormonal therapy and full clinical and pathological records. All the 364 cases were followed up and the clinical and pathological informations were analyzed, to find the predictive factors that related to the prognosis. Statistic software SPSS 15.0 was used for analysis. Cumulative survival was analyzed by the method of Kaplan-Meier. Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Log-rank method was used for the significance test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The last follow-up date was 30th June 2009 and the median follow-up time was 24 months. At the final follow-up, 240 cases were alive, 109 cases were dead and 15 cases were lost to follow up. The median survival time of metastatic prostate cancer was 64 months, and the one-year, two-year, three-year, four-year, five-year survival rate was 92%, 78%, 66%, 60%, 54%. The univariate analysis indicated that Gleason score (P = 0.033), clinical stage (P < 0.001), the effectiveness of hormonal therapy (P < 0.001), the prostate specific antigen (PSA) nadir during hormonal therapy (P < 0.001) and the time from the start of hormonal therapy to the PSA nadir (P = 0.002) were predictive factors for the survival time of metastatic prostate cancer. The multivariate analysis indicated that the PSA nadir during hormonal therapy (P < 0.001) and the time from the start of hormonal therapy to the PSA nadir (P < 0.001) were independent factors that predict the survival time of metastatic prostate cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The PSA nadir during hormonal therapy and the time from the start of hormonal therapy to the PSA nadir are independent factors that predict the survival time of metastatic prostate cancer.</p>

External validation of the Partin tables 2007 in Chinese prostate cancer patients / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To validate the 2007 Partin tables externally, which are based on the population of United States, using a cohort of Chinese prostate cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All of the patients enrolled and underwent radical prostatectomy between January 2006 and February 2010 were reviewed. The cases without preoperative hormone therapy and pelvic lymph node involvement according to radiologic tests were used for the external validation of the 2007 Partin tables. A comparative analysis of the clinical and pathological parameters of this Chinese cohort and Partin tables cohort was performed. Values of areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess predictive accuracy for the Chinese cohort.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age of the whole cohort was 67 years. The serum prostate specific antigen level, Gleason score and clinical stage of this cohort were higher than the Partin tables cohort. The pathological outcomes analysis revealed that the rates of organ confined disease, capsular penetration, seminal vesicle involvement and lymph node involvement were 62.3%, 16.7%, 12.3% and 8.8%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for organ confined disease, capsular penetration, seminal vesicle involvement and lymph node involvement were 0.735, 0.653, 0.601 and 0.845.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The Partin tables discriminate well for Chinese patients at risk for positive lymph node. The discrimination of organ confined disease is also acceptable and the discrimination of capsular penetration and seminal vesicle involvement is more limited.</p>

The survival analysis of the advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze predictive factors of advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 1996 to March 2008, 250 cases of advanced metastatic prostate cancer progressed into the stage of hormonal independent prostate cancer. The last follow-up date was 31 March 2008 and the median follow-up time was 24 months. During the follow-up, 131 cases were alive, 105 cases were dead and 14 cases were lost to follow-up. Clinical and pathological information of the cases was analyzed to find the predictive factors that related to the prognosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival time of advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer was 30 months, and the one-year, two-year, three-year survival rate was 79%, 59%, and 41%. The univariate analysis indicated that prostate specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, clinical stage, the PSA nadir during hormonal therapy, the time form the start of hormonal therapy to the PSA nadir, the time of response duration during hormonal therapy, PSA velocity (PSAV) and PSA doubling time (PSADT) at the emergency of castration-resistant prostate cancer, age and PSA at the diagnosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer were factors that predicted the survival time of advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The multivariate analysis indicated that the PSA nadir during hormonal therapy, the time form the start of hormonal therapy to the PSA nadir, PSAV at the emergency of castration-resistant prostate cancer, the time of response duration during hormonal therapy were independent factors that predicted the survival time of advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The PSA nadir during hormonal therapy, the time form the start of hormonal therapy to the PSA nadir, PSAV at the emergency of castration-resistant prostate cancer and the time of response duration during hormonal therapy are independent factors that predict the survival time of advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.</p>

Detection of RNA of SARS coronavirus in hospital sewage / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to explore the existence of SARS coronavirus (Co-V) and/or its RNA in sewage of hospitals administered SARS patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A novel electropositive filter was used to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals administered SARS patients in Beijing, including twelve 2,500 ml sewage samples from the hospitals before disinfection, and ten 25,000 ml samples after disinfection; as well as cell culture, RT-PCR and sequencing of gene to detect and identify the viruses from sewage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no live SARS-CoV detected in the sewage in this study. The nucleic acid of SARS-CoV had been found in the 12 sewage samples before disinfection from both hospitals by semi-nested PCR. After disinfection, SARS-CoV RNA could only be detected from the samples from the 309th Hospital, and the others were negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It provides evidence that there is no live SARS-Cov in the sewage from hospitals with SARS patients though SARS-CoV RNA can be detected.</p>

Detection of SARS-CoV and RNA on aerosol samples from SARS-patients admitted to hospital / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the risk of aerosol transmission in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients admitted to Hospital through testing the air samples.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Air samples were collected from 7 wards and 1 balcony of the Hospital, 3 times a day for 3 continuous days, using bioaerosol sampler type FA-2. Bioaerosol particles were then washed down from the samples by serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) culture medium. Nested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the N protein gene of the SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) from these washing solutions. The residual solutions were inoculated into prepared cell cultures to isolate live virus. The positive samples were then identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay and sequence analysis of the PCR products.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive rates of RT-PCR test on air samples were 29.03% in the wards and 20.0% in balcony respectively. Results from sequential analysis showed that the homology of amplified cDNA fragments to previously known SARS-CoV stains was 98%. A strain of live pathogen was isolated from one of the 36 samples. The isolate could cause typical cytopathic effects, similar to those SARS-CoV on Vero-E6 cells and the effects could be stably passed. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed positive from serum of a SARS patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SARS-CoV existed in the air hospital, where SARS patients were admitted to, but the activity of SARS-CoV in air samples was rather low. SARS patients could still shed SARS-CoV even during the recovery phase. Potential possibility of aerosol transmission might exist within 1 meter square area around SARS patients.</p>